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The Moscow Little Ring Railway ((ロシア語:Малое кольцо Московской Железной Дороги)), or MKZD ((ロシア語:Московская Кольцевая Железная Дорога)) is a long orbital railway that encircles central Moscow, Russia. Built between 1902 and 1908 for mixed use, the railway is currently only used for cargo traffic, and has twelve operating freight stations as of 2012. The line is operated by Russian Railways' Moscow subsidiary. Many of the original passenger stations, all built in the typical Russian industrial architecture of the beginning of the 20th century, will be rehabilitated for passenger use and complemented with new stations. ==History== In 1800, the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val became the outer border of Moscow. In 1879, some areas, including Sokolniki, were appended (annexed) to the city, however, at the time Moscow was encircled by a number of settlements, which formed the agglomeration and had poor transport connections to each other. A number of proposals to build a ring railroad around the center were made in the 1860s and the 1870s. One such project was rejected in 1877 by the Moscow City Duma which cited inefficiency. However, the transportation problems became more obvious, and in 1898 after Tsar Nicholas II sent a message declaring that it was desirable to built a railroad, a project competition was opened. The project by Pyotr Rashevsky, who proposed to build a ring of the total length of , won the competition. The construction started in 1902, and the railway was completed in 1907. The first train run in July 1907. In 1908, the railroad was declared to be completed, and it became part of the Nikolayevskaya Railway, of which the main line run between Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Passenger service was organized. There were four trains per day. The trains first stopped in Nikolayevsky Railway Station, got to the ring at the Presnya Station, and then separated into two, one train running clockwise, and the other one running counterclockwise.〔 The Direction of the Nikolayevskaya Railway was located in Saint Petersburg, and thus it was inconvenient for decision making. In 1916, the ring railway was transferred to the Moscow-Kursk Railway. In 1934, it became a separate railroad, and in 1956 it was included to the Moscow Railway.〔 Between 1917 and 1960, the Moscow Little Ring Railway served as the border of the city of Moscow. In 1960, the Moscow Ring Road was almost completed, and the city was extended up to the Ring Road. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moscow Little Ring Railway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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